Building the fourth pillar

The fourth retirement pillar in rich nations

What role does the fourth retirement pillar of home ownership and private saving play in rich nations? Does this asset-based welfare spread the risks of retirement provision or does it distort consumption patterns and fail to improve the non-housing consumption of the elderly? Is it associated with more or less inequality of retirement consumption? This paper examines the role of home ownership...

Food safety: the fourth pillar in the strategy to prevent infant diarrhoea.

Public health historians will hopefully clarify one day why the public health community has taken so long to recognize the link between contaminated food and diarrhoea — particularly infant diarrhoea — and why it has taken so long to integrate food safety into prevention strategies. Over two decades ago, WHO recognized that infant diarrhoea was a critical public health problem (Snyder JD, Merso...

Building liquid crystals from the 5-fold symmetrical pillar[5]arene core.

Comparison of the liquid-crystalline properties of a pillar[5]arene core functionalized with 10 mesogenic cyanobiphenyl units with those of a corresponding model compound revealed the strong influence of the macrocyclic pillar[5]arene core on the mesomorphic properties.

The fourth pillar of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: harm reduction and the international human right to health.

Pillar Design in the Hard Rock Mines of South Africa

This paper gives an overview of the difficulties associated with the design of hard rock pillars in South African mines. Recent examples of large scale pillar collapses in South Africa suggest that these were caused by weak partings which traversed the pillars. Currently two different methods are used to determine the strength of pillars, namely, empirical equations derived from back analyses o...